Introduction: Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pathogenassociated molecular Patterns (PAMPs) can be detected by host Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in inherent immune cells. The polymorphisms in PRRs leads to different recognizing and immune responses against viral infections. Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of PRRs, minor allele frequency (MAF), and their geographical distribution were obtained from the Ensembl genome database. Interaction between the common polymorphic forms of PRRs (including TLR3, TLR7, RIG-1, and MDA-5) and SARS-CoV-2 virus genome (dsRNA) were predicted using the hybrid protein-RNA docking algorithm HDOCK server. Also, the global distribution of common SNPs and their MAFs were statistically analyzed using SPSS, ver. 16. Results: The wild-type TLR3 and TLR3 SNP rs73873710 had the same docking energy score (-330. 48 kcal/mol), and had lower docking energy scores compared to the other two SNPs, rs3775290 and rs3775291 (-301. 42 and-295. 81 kcal/mol, respectively). TLR7 SNP rs179008 had a higher docking energy score (-423. 03 kcal/mol), comparing to the wild-type TLR7 (-445. 46 kcal/mol). Also, there was a statistically significant direct relationship between MAF of TLR3 SNP rs3775290 and rs3775291 with SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (P=0. 021 and P=0. 023, respectively) and prevalence/population ratio of COVID-19 (P=0. 026 and P<0. 001, respectably). Conclusion: Wild-type TLR3 and TLR3 SNP rs73873710 can recognize the SARSCoV-2 dsRNA genome through a better performance compared to TLR3 SNP rs3775290 and TLR3 SNP rs3775291. Therefore, our in-silico study established that PRRs SNPs are associated with antiviral responses against SARS-CoV-2.

one of the most common and most critical mortality causes in modern society is gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most potent risk factors of gastric cancer. This bacterium can suppress the immune system by various pathogenic factors and mechanisms, lead to chronic inflammatory responses, and play a critical role in the induction of cancer. The first part of this article begins with a description of H. pylori carcinogenicity and in the next part, the roles of innate immunity Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and inflammatory regulatory mechanisms in H. pylori infection are discussed. According to our current knowledge, screening and on-time diagnosis of the disease, timely treatment, and immediate eradication of H. pylori are the most critical ways to barricade gastric cancer progression. In the end, it is suggested that, considering the expensive costs of gastric cancer treatment, H. pylori diagnostic screening tests be done at least annually in middle-aged and at-risk people.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disease of unknown etiology. Researchers have recently drawn attention to the possible role of viruses in the development of IBS and provided evidence in this regard. In this study, it was decided to investigate the possible role of rotavirus infection in the onset of IBS.Methods: Stool and serum samples were collected from 40 patients with IBS and 40 healthy individuals. To evaluate the previous exposure to rotavirus we checked the presence and concentration of anti-rotavirus IgG by ELISA. ELISA test was performed on the serum samples. Real-time PCR test was also used to measure the viral load in the stool. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software.Results: No significant relationship was found between anti-rotavirus IgG presence and Level in the serum of case and healthy individuals (p-value > 0.05) . Moreover, there was no significant difference between the viral genome load in the stool samples of the two groups (p-value > 0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, it seems unlikely that a link exists between rotavirus infection and the onset of irritable bowel syndrome, but the possible role of other gastrointestinal viruses, including coronavirus, remains.